Machine for production of slide fasteners



Sept. 18, 1962 Filed Aug. 11, 1959 J. RUHRMANN MACHINE FOR PRODUCTION OF SLIDE FASTENERS 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Sept. 18, 1962 J. RUHRMANN 3,054,168

MACHINE FOR PRODUCTION OF SLIDE FASTENERS Filed Aug. 11, 1959 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fig.2

Sept. 18, 1962 J. RUHRMANN 3,054,168

MACHINE FOR PRODUCTION OF SLIDE FASTENERS Filed Aug. 11, 1959 4 Sheets-Sheet :5

Fig.6

Sept. 18, 1962 J. RUHRMANN 3,054,163

MACHINE FOR PRODUCTION OF SLIDE FASTENERS Filed Aug. 11, 1959 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 United States Patent Ofilice 3,54,l68 Patented Sept. 18, 1962 3,054,168 MAC FUR PRGDUCTION F SLIDE FASTENERS Josef Ruhrmann, Stuttgart-Vaihingen, Germany, assignor to Talon, Inc, Meadville, Pa. Filed Aug. 11, 1959, Ser. No. 833,053 Claims priority, application Germany Aug. 16, 1958 19 Claims. (Cl. 292tl8) The present invention relates to a machine for the production of slide fasteners, and more particularly to a machine for removing slide fastener coupling elements from a continuous slide fastener stringer to provide thus for a continuous stringer having along one edge thereof alternatively portions of preselected length to which coupling elements are attached separated by gaps of desired length.

Slide fasteners are known in which the coupling elements are formed by continuous wire or filament having a spiral or zig-zag configuration, being attached at spaced attaching portions thereof to the tape of the slide fastener stringer and having spaced coupling portions extending beyond one longitudinal edge of this tape.

It has already been suggested to cut the continuous formed wire in portions of preselected lengths before attaching the same to the tape and then to attach the cut portions at spaced intervals along the continuous tape. However, this production method requires rather complicated machines.

Machines are also known for providing spaced gaps in a continuous slide fastener stringer in which the coupling elements are formed from a continuous wire or filament, in which the gaps are formed by a cutting knife having a width according to the length of the gap desired and in which the knife is reciprocated while the stringer is intermittently fed in a direction transverse to the reciprocating movement of the knife. These machines, however, have the disadvantage that they work rather slow, since the stringer has to be fed intermittently in timed relation to the reciprocating knives.

It is an object of the present invention to avoid the disadvantages of known machines for removing slide fastener coupling elements from a continuous slide fastener stringer.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide for such a machine in which the cutting operation is performed while the continuous stringer is continuously moved so that the cutting operation can be performed in a very fast and expedient manner.

It is an additional object of the present invention to provide for such a cutting machine which is composed of relatively few and simple parts so that the machine can be produced at very reasonable cost and will perform trouble-free during extended use.

With these objects in view, the machine for removing slide fastener coupling elements from a slide fastener stringer essentially includes moving means for moving a slide fastener stringer continuously along a predetermined path and cutting means located along said path and engaging the stringer during the movement thereof for cutting coupling elements and at spaced, preselected intervals.

Preferably, the cutting means include at least one rotating cutting disc mounted for rotation about a fixed axis and preferably having on the periphery thereof a projecting cutting edge extending only along a portion of the periphery of the disc.

The moving means preferably include a transport roller and the transport roller and the cutting disc of the cutting means are preferably driven from a single main drive shaft over transmission means provided. The transmission means preferably include coupling'means between the main drive shaft and the shaft of the cutting disc, which coupling means may be automatically controlled by control means to move the coupling means in timed sequence between an engaged position in which the main drive shaft drives the shaft of the cutting disc and a disengaged position in which the cutting disc shaft is disconnected from the main drive shaft so that the cutting disc will be intermittently rotated while the transport roller is continuously driven by the main drive shaft.

When the coupling elements are out only by a single cutting disc, the machine includes preferably further an abutment means for the stringer, preferably in the form of a roller located in the region where the coupling elements are cut. The stringer is preferably guided in such a way that it is deflected in the cutting region by the abutting roller. To facilitate the cutting process and to prevent damage to the tape of the slide fastener stringer during the cutting operation, it is preferred to form the abutment roller in such a way that the coupling elements anchored, for instance by sewing, to the tape are pushed as far as possible beyond one longitudinal edge of the tape and toward the cutting edge of the cutting disc. Such a deflecting roller can also be used when two cutting discs arranged in a plane opposite each other are used to cut the coupling elements of the slide fastener stringer. In this case, the abutment roller is preferably in the form of a small disc arranged in a plane normal to the plane of the two cutting discs and having a peripheral profile formed so as to push the coupling elements as far as possible beyond one longitudinal edge of the tape toward the plane in which the cutting knives are arranged.

Preferably the machine of the present invent-ion includes also means for removing portions of the continuous wire forming the coupling elements of the slide fastener stringer which remain attached to the tape after the coupling portions of this continuous wire extending beyond the side edge of the tape have been cut therefrom. These means are preferably operated in timed sequence by cams or the like to assure that these engaging means will engage only such coupling elements from which the portions thereof extending beyond the tape have been cut off by the cutting discs.

The novel features which are considered as characteristic for the invention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its method of operation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the machine of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a partial rear view of this machine;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line A--A in FIG. 1 and viewed in direction of the arrows;

FIG. 4 is a front view of the cutting discs shown in FIG. 1 and drawn to an enlarged scale;

FIG. 5 is a section through these discs taken along the line BB of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a top view of the detail of the machine illustrating the action of the deflecting means for displacing the coupling elements relative to the tape of the slide fastener stringer;

FIG. 7 is a partial, partially sectioned side view of the ejecting means for removing portions of the coupling elements which remain anchored to the tape after the portions of these coupling elements extending beyond the tape edge have been cut off;

FIG. 8 is a top view of the ejecting means shown in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a partial, partially sectioned side view of a modification of such ejecting means; and

FIG. 10 is a top view of the modification of the ejecting means shown in FIG. 9.

Referring now to the drawings and more specifically to FIGS. 1 and 3 of the same, it will be seen that the machine of the present invention includes supporting means preferably in the form of a housing 1 which is covered by a plate 2 and supported by a table-like frame. The housing 1 turnably supports a pair of cutting disc shafts 3 and 4 on the free ends of which, extending beyond the front wall of the housing, the cutting discs 16 and 17 are respectively mounted spaced from each other in a plane normal to the shafts. The continuous slide fastener stringer from which coupling elements have to be cut in spaced intervals in the machine is taken up from a reel mounted on a left edge portion, as viewed in FIG. 1, on the table supporting the housing and is guided between two small rollers 22, 23, over a roller 24, partly about a large diameter roller 25, between the cutting discs 16 and 17, and about a transport or feed roller 7. To tension the portion of the stringer between the cutting knives, a spring pressed brake 26 is provided which presses the stringer against a portion of the periphery of the large roller 25. To keep the stringer in tight engagement with the transport roller 7, a roller is provided which presses the stringer against the periphery of the transport roller 7. This pressing roller is mounted on a two-armed lever turnable by a handle about the lever pivot so that the pressing roller can be pressed with greater or lesser force again the transport or feed roller 7. The shafts 3 and 4 of the cutting discs 16 and 17 are preferably driven from a main drive shaft 5 carrying on one free end thereof transport or feed roller 7. The main drive shaft 5 is driven from the shaft of a motor mounted on the table supporting the housing 1 over a belt or chain drive. Shaft 5 carries on the free end thereof distant from the free end on which the transport roller 7 is mounted a gear 8 (FIG. 3), which meshes with an idler gear 10 turnably mounted on a stud shaft supported on a wall of the housing 1. The idler gear 10 meshes in turn with a gear 11, fixedly connected to a coupling disc 12 arranged coaxial with gear 11. The coupling disc 12 is formed at the periphery thereof with a plurality of spaced indentations, adapted to be engaged by a pin 14 turnably carried by a disc 13. A sleeve fixedly connected to the disc 13 is arranged about the shaft 3 and keyed thereto, whereas the gear 11 and the disc 12 connected thereto is adapted to rotate freely on the outer surface of the sleeve. The coupling disc 12, disc 13, pin 14 and the spring mounted lever 15 form together coupling means in form of a pin coupling and by moving the pin 14 the coupling may be moved between an engaged position in which the main drive shaft 5 drives the cutting disc shaft 3 and a disengaged position in which the shaft 3 is disconnected from the main drive shaft 5. The shaft 3 carries adjacent to gear 11, a gear 18 fixed to the shaft 3 which meshes with a similar gear, not shown in the drawing, and keyed to the shaft 4 on which the other cutting disc 17 is mounted. The coupling is moved between the positions thereof by means of an electromagnet 19. The electromagnet is energized from a source of electrical current over a switch 20 (FIGS. 2 and 3) which in turn is opened and closed by a cam disc 21 so that the solenoid is energized and 'deenergized in timed intervals. The cam disc 21 is fixedly mounted on a shaft 6, supported in the housing 1 for rotation, and fixedly carrying attached thereto a gear 9, meshing with gear 8 on shaft 5.

The portion of the slide fastener stringer between the large diameter roll 25 and the transport roller 7 is deflected by deflecting means (FIG. 6) which engage the coupling elements of the slide fastener stringer in such a way so as to push the same as far as possible beyond the front edge, as viewed in FIG. 6, of the tape to which the coupling elements are attached to facilitate cutting off of the portions of the coupling elements projecting beyond the front edge of the tape by the cutting discs without damaging the tape during the cutting operation. The deflecting means may also be in form of a roller turnable about an axis normal to the axes of shafts 3 and 4. Between the deflecting means 40 and the transport rollers 7, the stringer is guided between guide surfaces 27 as best shown in FIG. 7.

Ejecting means are proivded at this location for removing the portions of the continuous wire forming the coupling elements which remain anchored to the tape after the coupling portions of this continuous wire have been cut off by the cutting discs. The ejecting means include a pair of spaced needles 28 which are adapted to be oscillated in the direction of the arrows shown in FIG. 7 by means of a lever 29 which is oscillated by an eccentric 30 located adjacent the upper end of the lever 29 and rotated by the motor 31. The oscillation of the lever 29 and the needles 28 carried thereby are controlled by an electromagnet 32, which in turn is controlled by a switch 33 which is opened and closed by the same cam disc 21 which operates the switch 20. Since the ejection of the remaining coupling element portions from the tape occurs slightly later than the cutting of the coupling portions, the switches 20 and 33 are angularly displaced with respect to the periphery of the cam disc 21. 1

FIGS. 9 and 10 show a modification of the deflecting means above described. As can be seen from these figures, the deflecting means 34 comprise a pair of spaced projections having a cam face inclined to the direction of movement of the stringer which push against the remaining anchored portions of the coupling elements and which cooperate with a pair of wedge-shaped jaws 35 and 36, between the inner opposite faces thereof the tape of the stringer is guided, to remove the anchored portions completely from the tape by pushing the same along the inclined outer faces of the jaws.

It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or two or more together, may also find a useful application in other types of machines for removing slide fastener coupling elements from a continuous slide fastener stringer differing from the types described above.

While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in a machine for removing slide fastener coupling elements from a continuous slide fastener stringer in which these coupling elements are formed by a continuous Wire, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention.

Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can by applying current knowledge readily adapt it for various applications Without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention and, therefore, such adaptations should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalence of the following claims.

What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

1. In a machine for removing a connected series of coupling elements from the edge of a continuous slide fastener stringer of the class described, supporting means, means arranged on said supporting means for feeding and delivering a slide fastener stringer into and through the machine continuously along a predetermined path, means arranged on said supporting means along the path of said stringer adjacent said feeding and delivering means for cutting transversely a series of the coupling elements therefrom at spaced preselected intervals along the stringer, and mechanism for actuating said cutting means at the end of a desired length of slide fastener stringer.

2. The combination as defined in claim 1, wherein the cutting means includes at least one rotatable cutting knife.

3. The combination as defined in claim 1, wherein the cutting means includes at least one rotatable cutting disc having arranged on the periphery thereof a projecting cutting edge extending around only a portion of the periphery of the disc.

4. The combination as defined in claim 1, including means arranged forwardly of said cutting means for removing the cut portions of the elements from the edge of the stringer.

5. In a machine for removing slide fastener coupling elements from a continuous slide fastener stringer, in combination, supporting means, means arranged on said supporting means for moving a slide fastener stringer continuously along a predetermined path including a feed roller, means arranged on said supporting means adjacent said last mentioned means for engaging said stringer during the movement thereof along said path for cutting coupling elements at spaced preselected intervals, mechanism for actuating said cutting means at the end of a desired length of slide fastener stringer, said cutting means including a cutting disc shaft mounted on said supporting means rotatable about its axis, and a cutting disc located along said path and mounted on said cutting disc shaft for rotation therewith, a main drive shaft mounted on said supporting means rotatable about its axis to which said feed roller is securely attached for rotative movement therewith, transmission means carried by said supporting means and operatively connected to said main drive shaft and said cutting disc shaft for transmitting a drive from said main drive shaft, to said cutting disc shaft, and means for driving said main drive shaft.

6. The combination as defined in claim 5, wherein the transmission means includes coupling means arranged between said main drive shaft and said cutting disc shaft movable between an engaged position in which said main drive shaft drives said cutting disc shaft and a disengaged position in which said cutting disc shaft is disconnected from said main drive shaft so that said cutting drive shaft and said cutting disc thereon will be intermittently rotated while said feed roller is continuously driven by said main drive shaft.

7. The combination as defined in claim 6, including control means operatively connected to said coupling means for moving the latter in timed sequence between the positions thereof.

8. The combination as defined in claim 6, including control means which includes cam means operatively connected to said coupling means for moving the latter in timed sequence between the positions thereof.

9. The combination as defined in claim 6, including control means which includes a time switch operatively connected to said coupling means for moving the latter in timed sequence between the positions thereof.

10. The combination as defined in claim 6, including control means operatively connected to said coupling means for moving the latter in timed sequence between the positions thereof, said control means including a control shaft rotatably mounted on said supporting means, another transmission means arranged between said main drive shaft and said control shaft, cam means mounted on said control shaft for rotation therewith, switch means movable between a closed and an open position and engaged by said cam means to be moved thereby between the positions thereof, and solenoid means operatively connected to said switch means and said coupling means and movable, depending upon the positions of said switch means, between an active position in which said solenoid means moves said coupling means to said engaged position thereof and an inactive position in which said solenoid means moves said coupling means to the disengaged position thereof.

11. In a machine for removing slide fastener coupling elements from a continuous slide fastener stringer, in combination, supporting means, means carried by said supporting means for moving a slide fastener stringer continuously along a predetermined path including a feed roller, means carried by said supporting means adjacent said last mentioned means for engaging said stringer during the movement thereof for cutting coupling elements at spaced preselected intervals, mechanism for actuating said cutting means at the end of a desired length of slide fastener stringer, said cutting means including acutting disc shaft mounted on said supporting means rotated about its axis and a cutting disc located along said path and mounted on said cutting disc shaft for rotation therewith, a main drive shaft mounted on said'supporting means rotated about its axis to which said feed roller is securely attached for rotative movement therewith, transmission means carried by said supporting means operatively connected to said main drive shaft and said cutting disc shaft for transmitting a drive from said main drive shaft to said cutting disc shaft, means mounted on said supporting means along the path of said stringer slightly spaced from said cutting disc for abutting and supporting said coupling elements on the slide fastener stringer as they pass therealong and are being cut by said cutting disc, and means for driving said main drive shaft.

12.. A machine for removing slide fastener coupling elements from a continuous slide fastener stringer, said slide fastener stringer including a tape and the coupling elements being formed :by a continuous wire anchored at spaced anchoring portions thereof to the tape and having spaced coupling portions projecting beyond one longitudinal side edge of the tape, comprising, in combination, supporting means, means carried by said supporting means for moving a slide fastener stringer continuously along a predetermined path, means carried by said supporting means adjacent said last mentioned means along said path for cutting the projecting coupling portions of said coupling elements at spaced preselected intervals from the remainder of the continuous wire forming the coupling elements, mechanism for actuating said cutting means at the end of a desired length of slide fastener stringer, guide means carried by said supporting means adjacent said cutting means for guiding the stringer along said predetermined path and said cutting means including deflecting means located adjacent said cutting means and engaging the coupling elements of the stringer for pushing the anchoring portions thereof partly beyond said longitudinal side edge of the tape and toward said cutting means, and driving means for continuously operating said moving means and for actuating said cutting means in predetermined time relation.

13. A machine for removing slide fastener coupling elements from a continuous slide fastener stringer, said slide fastener stringer including a tape and the coupling elements being formed by a continuous wire anchored at spaced anchoring portions thereof to the tape and having spaced coupling portions projecting beyond one longitudinal side edge of the tape, comprising, in combination, supporting means, means carried by said supporting means for moving a slide fastener stringer continuously along a predetermined path, means carried by said supporting means adjacent said last mentioned means along said path for cutting the projecting coupling portions of said coupling elements at spaced preselected intervals from the remainder of the continuous wire forming the coupling elements, mechanism for actuating said cutting means at the end of a desired length of slide fastener stringer, guide means carried by said supporting means adjacent said cutting means for guiding the stringer along said predetermined path and said cutting means, ejecting means carried by said supporting means engaging the anchored portions of the coupling elements from which the portions extending beyond said tape edge have been cut off for removing said anchored portions from the tape,

and driving means for continuously operating said moving means, for actuating said cutting means and said ejecting means in predetermined time relation.

14. A machine for removing slide fastener coupling elements from a continuous slide fastener stringer, said slide fastener stringer including a tape and the coupling elements being formed by a continuous wire anchored at spaced anchoring portions thereof to the tape and having spaced coupling portions projecting beyond one longitudinal side edge of the tape, comprising, in combination, supporting means, means carried by said supporting means for moving a slide fastener stringer continuously along a predetermined path, means carried by said supporting means located along said path for cutting the projecting coupling portions of said coupling elements at spaced preselected intervals from the remainder of the continuous wire forming the coupling elements, guide means carried by said supporting means for guiding the stringer along said predetermined path and said cutting means including deflecting means located adjacent said cutting means and engaging the coupling elements of the stringer for pushing the anchoring portions thereof partly beyond said longitudinal side edge of the tape and toward said cutting means, ejecting means carried by said supporting means engaging the anchored portions of the coupling elements from which the portions extending beyond said tape edge have been cut off for removing said anchored portions from the tape, and driving means for continuously operating said moving means, for actuating said cutting means and said ejecting means in predetermined time relation.

15. A machine for removing slide fastener coupling elements from a continuous slide fastener stringer, said slide fastener stringer including a tape and the coupling elements being formed by a continuous wire anchored at spaced anchoring portions thereof to the tape and having spaced coupling portions projecting beyond one longitudinal side edge of the tape, comprising, in combination, supporting means, means arranged on said supporting means for moving a slide fastener stringer continuously along a predetermined path including a feed roller, means arranged on said supporting means adjacent said last men tioned means engaging said stringer during the movement thereof for cutting coupling elements at spaced preselected intervals, mechanism for actuating said cutting means at the end of a desired length of slide fastener stringer, said cutting means including a cutting disc shaft mounted on said supporting means rotated about its axis, and a cutting disc located along said path and mounted on said cutting disc shaft for rotation therewith, said cutting disc having on the periphery thereof a projecting cutting edge extending only along the portion of said periphery, a main drive shaft mounted on said supporting means rotated about its axis to which said feed roller is securely attached for movement therewith, transmission means arranged on said supporting means operatively connected to said main drive shaft and said cutting disc shaft for transmitting a drive from said main drive shaft to said cutting disc shaft, guide means arranged on said supporting means for guiding the stringer along said predetermined path and including deflecting means located adjacent said cutting disc and engaging the coupling elements of said stringer for pushing the anchoring portions thereof partly beyond said longitudinal side edge of the tape and toward the cutting edge of said cutting disc, and means for driving said main drive shaft.

16. A machine for removing slide fastener coupling elements from a continuous slide fastener stringer, said slide fastener stringer including a tape and the coupling elements being formed by a continuous wire anchored at spaced anchoring portions thereof to the tape and having spaced coupling portions projecting beyond one longitudinal side edge of the tape, comprising, in combination, supporting means, means carried by said supporting means for moving a slide fastener stringer continuously along O o a predetermined path, cutting means carried by said supporting means adjacent said last mentioned means along said path and including a pair of cutting discs located on opposite sides of the stringer for cutting coupling portions of said coupling elements at spaced preselected intervals from the remainder of the continuous wire forming the coupling elements, mechanism for actuating said cutting means at the end of a desired length of slide fastener stringer, guide means carried by said supporting means adjacent said cutting means for guiding the stringer along said predetermined path between said pair of cutting discs and including deflecting means located adjacent said cutting discs and engaging the coupling elements of the stringer for pushing the anchoring portions thereof partly beyond said longitudinal side edge of the tape and toward said cutting discs, and drive means for continuously operating said moving means and for rotating said cutting discs in predetermined time intervals.

17. The combination as defined in claim 16, including ejecting means arranged on said supporting means for engaging the anchored portions of the coupling elements from which the portions extending beyond the tape edge have been cut off for removing the anchored portions from the edge of the tape.

18. The combination as defined in claim 16, including ejecting means arranged on the supporting means for engaging the anchored portions of the coupling elements from which the portions extending beyond said tape edge have been cut off for removing said anchored portions from the tape, said ejecting means being movable between an active postion in which said engaging means engages the coupling elements and an inactive position in which said engaging means are spaced from the coupling elements, control means operatively connected to said ejecting means for moving the same in timed sequence between the positions thereof so that said ejecting means will engage only coupling elements from which the portions thereof extending beyond the tape edge have been cut off by said cutting discs.

19. A machine for removing slide fastener coupling elements from a continuous slide fastener stringer, said slide fastener stringer including an elongated tape and the coupling elements being formed by a continuous wire anchored at spaced portions thereof to the tape and having spaced coupling portions projecting beyond one longitudinal side edge of the tape, said machine comprising, in combination, supporting means, means arranged on said supporting means for moving the slide fastener stringer continuously along a predetermined path including a feed roller located along said path, means arranged on said supporting means engaging said stringer during the movement thereof for cutting coupling portions of said coupling elements at spaced preselected intervals from the remainder of the continued wire forming the coupling elements, said cutting means including a pair of cutting disc shafts mounted on said supporting means rotated about the respective axis thereof and a pair of cutting discs respectively mounted on said cutting disc shafts for rotation therewith, guide means arranged on said supporting means for guiding the stringer along said predetermined path between said pair of cutting discs and including deflecting means located adjacent said cutting discs and engaging the coupling elements of the stringer for pushing the anchored portions thereof towards said longitudinal side edge of the tape and toward said cutting discs, a main drive shaft rotatably mounted on said supporting means and carrying said feed roller for rotation therewith, transmission means arranged on said supporting means operatively connected to said main drive shaft and said cutting disc shafts for transmitting a drive from said main drive shaft to said cutting disc shafts, said transmission means including coupling means arranged between said main drive shaft and said cutting disc shafts movable between an engaged postion in which said main drive shaft drives said cutting disc shafts and a disen- 9 gaged position in which said cutting disc shafts are disconnected from said main drive shaft so that said cutting drive shafts and said cutting discs mounted thereon will be intermittently rotated while the stringer is continuously transported by said feed roller, means arranged on said supporting means for engaging the anchoring portions of the coupling elements from which the coupling portions extending beyond said tape edge have been cut oil for removing said anchoring portions from the tape, said engaging means being movable between an active position in which said engaging means engage the coupling elements and an inactive position in which said engaging means are spaced from the coupling elements, control means operatively connected to said coupling 10 means and to said engaging means for moving the same, respectively, in timed sequence between the positions thereof, and means for driving said main drive shaft.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,656,755 Palmer Jan. 17, 1928 1,779,916 Paup Oct. 28, 1930 2,045,087 Keller June 23, 1936 2,291,809 Jackson Aug. 4, 1942 2,394,197 Morin Feb. 5, 1946 2,409,463 Ahrndt Oct. 15, 1946 2,776,466 Neitlich Jan. 8, 1957 2,820,282 Schneider J an. 21, 1958 

